Graffiti in Cuba.

Why are Cuba’s religious leaders going into exile?

Following the peaceful protests of 11 July 2021, many Cuban religious leaders and members of communities of faith have joined the largest ongoing wave of emigration since the start of the Cuban Revolution in 1959.

The Cuban government requires that all religious groups and associations obtain legal registration from the Ministry of Justice, but make it almost impossible for them to do so. Since the Revolution, the government has granted legal status to only a handful of groups, and has stripped some, which had a legally recognised presence on the island prior to 1959 of their legal status. As a result, the vast majority of religious groups that did not have a legal presence on the island before 1959 exist outside the law, automatically making them targets of discrimination and harassment.

Over the past two years, Cuba has sent hundreds of dissidents to prison, where for those who hold religious beliefs, their faith often is used by prison guards as a pressure point. The government regularly violates the Nelson Mandela Rules, refusing to allow political prisoners to received religious visits, possess religious materials or participate in religious services inside the prisons. Political prisoners’ religious faith is regularly, publicly ridiculed. Among the growing number of political prisoners are leaders of unregistered religious groups.

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Graffiti in Cuba.

¿Por qué los líderes religiosos de Cuba escapan al exilio?

Tras las protestas pacíficas del 11 de julio de 2021, muchos líderes religiosos cubanos y miembros de comunidades de fe se han unido a la mayor ola de emigración en curso, desde el comienzo de la Revolución Cubana en 1959.

El gobierno cubano exige que todos los grupos y asociaciones religiosas obtengan el registro legal del Ministerio de Justicia, pero este organizmo les hace casi imposible obtener dicho registro. Desde la Revolución, el gobierno ha otorgado estatus legal a solo un puñado de grupos, y ha despojado de su estatus legal a algunos que tenían una presencia legalmente reconocida en la isla antes de 1959. Como resultado, la gran mayoría de los grupos religiosos que no tenían presencia legal en la isla antes de 1959 existen al margen de la ley, lo que los convierte automáticamente en objeto de discriminación y hostigamiento.

En los últimos dos años, Cuba ha enviado a cientos de disidentes a prisión, donde los guardias a menudo utilizan su fe como punto de presión para aquellos que tienen creencias religiosas. El gobierno viola regularmente las Reglas de Nelson Mandela, negándose a permitir que los presos políticos reciban visitas religiosas, posean materiales religiosos o participen en servicios religiosos dentro de las prisiones. La fe ó religión de los presos políticos es ridiculizada públicamente con regularidad. Entre el creciente número de presos políticos se encuentran líderes de grupos religiosos no registrados.

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Man in black and white long sleeve shirt holding red stick in Sudan.

As Sudan forms a new transitional government, the international community must not repeat its mistakes

April has become a significant month for the nation of Sudan. This year, after more than 18 months under the leadership of a military junta that seized power in October 2021, the month will hopefully see the formation of a new transitional government, and the possible dawn of a new chapter for the country.

But we have been here before. On 11 April 2019, after months of unprecedented nationwide protests, Sudan’s president of nearly 30 years, Omar al Bashir, was ousted.

It was hoped that his removal would bring an end to three decades of oppressive rule characterised by widespread violations of human rights, including of the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) – and to some extent it did.

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A protester holds a sign that reads 'Woman Life Freedom' during demonstrations following the following the death of Iranian woman Zhina ‘Mahsa’ Amini.

‘Woman, Life, Freedom’ – Iran faces a crisis with freedom of religion or belief and gender equality at its core

Iran is enduring its most turbulent period since the 2019-2020 pro-democracy protests, with gender equality and a lack of freedom of religion or belief at its very core. 

Since September 2022 distressing news reports have been emerging of violence meted out on Iranian citizens protesting for change – the arbitrary application of the death penalty, extrajudicial killings (including of minors),  maiming, excessive sentencing, and the suspicious deaths of several protestors after being released from detention, to highlight a few.

In the face of these violations an initially slow and largely reactive international response accelerated, and a special session of the UN Human Rights Council in November 2022 which established an independent, international fact-finding mission to investigate alleged human rights violations related to the protests, was followed by Iran’s expulsion from the UN Commission on the Status of Women in December 2022. Then in January 2023 the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union announced sanctions on 10 additional Iranian individuals and one additional Iranian entity.

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Bob Chan is beaten inside the grounds of the Chinese consulate in Manchester, UK.

As China, Eritrea, Iran and more extend repression beyond their own borders, we must do better

In November last year, Ken McCallum, the Director General of the UK’s Security Service known as MI5, claimed that his agency had identified “at least ten” potential threats to kidnap or even kill British or UK-based individuals perceived as enemies of the Iranian regime. He added that the Iranian intelligence services “are prepared to take reckless action” against opponents in the West, including by luring individuals to Iran.

Coming at a time of intense civil unrest in Iran following the death in police custody of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, who was arrested for incorrectly wearing her hijab, McCallum’s comments highlighted a concerning issue that applies to several of the countries CSW works on: repressive regimes are becoming increasingly unafraid to reach beyond their borders.

China

Perhaps one of the most obvious examples is China, a global superpower which regularly uses its economic and geopolitical influence to shape decisions in international fora such as the Human Rights Council, and routinely metes out sanctions against Western parliamentarians and others who openly condemn the widespread violations taking place in the country.

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