hindutva – FoRB in Full

India’s ‘freedom of religion’ laws have nothing to do with preventing forced conversions

Posted on 15/09/202503/10/2025 by cswpress in Asia, India

On 20 August India’s Uttarakhand state government introduced significant amendments to its controversial anti-conversion law. Building on the original 2018 legislation and an initial round of amendments made in 2022, the Freedom of Religion and Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion (Amendment) Bill, 2025, imposes harsher punishments on a range of offences.

Individuals convicted of using allurement, misrepresentation or fraud to induce conversion now face anywhere from three to ten years in prison and a minimum fine of 50,000 rupees (approximately GBP £420). If the case involves a minor, a woman, a person with a disability, or a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe, these penalties are increased to five to 14 years in prison and a fine of at least 100,000 rupees (GBP £840).

‘Mass conversions’ and those involving foreign funding are punishable with seven to 14 years imprisonment and a minimum fine of 100,000 rupees, while punishments for cases involving threats, assault, human trafficking, or marriage as a pretext for conversion can extend to 20 years or life imprisonment, along with fines covering the victim’s medical and rehabilitation costs.

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‘Hope is resistance’: An interview with CSW’s India Researcher

Posted on 10/03/2025 by cswpress in Asia, India

CSW relies extensively on the documenters, journalists, experts and activists that gather first-hand evidence of violations of the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) in the countries we work on.

Last month, our Advocacy Intern Anna Shannon spoke with CSW’s India Researcher, whose name has been withheld for security reasons, to discuss what her work entails, the state of FoRB in India, and where she sees hope for the future.

As CSW’s India Researcher, what does your work entail?

My work entails documenting and reporting on violations of religious freedom across India, particularly against Muslims and Christians. So, whenever there are any attacks or any instances of discrimination against Muslims or Christians, I speak to victims, eyewitnesses, sometimes the lawyers who are working on these cases and I write the report.

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India’s Muslims voted for justice and equality, but this remains a distant future

Posted on 11/07/202411/07/2024 by cswpress in Asia, India

India is home to more than two hundred million Muslims, one of the largest Muslim populations in the world. However, in a crowd of close to 1.5 billion people, even this large community is reduced to a minority, accounting for just 14% of the population. In recent years, the community has been constantly reminded of this fact, having to fight to prove that they are equals and that they deserve the same rights as the Hindu majority.

Although the majority of India’s Muslims are native to the country, with a very small number of them having emigrated there from the Arab world, most Muslims today would agree that they are not made to feel equal to other Indian citizens.

Their plight has deteriorated significantly since India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power in 2014 under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, with Muslims treated largely as second-class citizens by a government that has embraced a dangerous Hindu nationalist rhetoric.

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Reflexiones sobre mi amada India en un año electoral

Posted on 22/05/2024 by cswpress in Asia ES, español, India ES

La India está celebrando actualmente elecciones generales en siete fases, que se celebrarán del 19 de abril al 1 de junio de 2024. El investigador de CSW en la India, cuyo nombre se ha mantenido en el anonimato por razones de seguridad, vive en el estado de Tamil Nadu, en el sur del país. Aquí nos presenta algunas reflexiones sobre lo que está en juego para el futuro de la nación.

Un día antes de que mi estado, Tamil Nadu, empezaran las elecciones, estaba navegando por las redes sociales cuando noté una imagen publicada por un viejo amigo mío que estudió conmigo en una escuela cristiana. La imagen era de una mujer vestida con un sari blanco que representaba a un hindú indio. A su alrededor había otros tres hombres, un comunista cristiano, un musulmán y un miembro del partido político dravídico, todos con armas en la mano tratando de apuñalar a una mujer hindú visiblemente asustada. La leyenda decía “vota sabiamente”, un aparente mensaje de advertencia a todos los hindúes de su lista de amigos de que están en peligro y que deben votar por el partido que afirma protegerlos.

Me sorprendió bastante. Sí, lo sé que miles de hindúes radicales en la India creen genuinamente que su religión está amenazada. Pero ver a alguien que conocido, que había recibido toda su educación en una escuela cristiana y seguía siendo hindú, sucumbir a la falsa narrativa de que el hinduismo está amenazado, fue sorprendente. En los últimos años, tristemente me he encontrado con muchos otros amigos y conocidos hindúes que han llegado a creer eso.

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Reflections on my beloved India in an election year

Posted on 09/05/202409/05/2024 by cswpress in Asia, India

India is currently holding general elections in seven phases which are due to run from 19 April to 1 June 2024. CSW’s India Researcher, whose name has been withheld for security reasons, lives in Tamil Nadu state in the south of the country. Here she offers some reflections on what is at stake for the future of the nation.

A day before my state Tamil Nadu went to elections, I was browsing social media when I noticed an image posted by an old friend of mine who studied with me in a Christian school. The image was of a women dressed in a white sari who represented an Indian Hindu. Around her were four other men – a Christian, a communist, a Muslim and a member of the Dravidian political party – all with weapons in their hand trying to stab a visibly scared Hindu woman. The caption said ‘vote wisely’ – an apparent warning message to all the Hindus in his friend list that they are in danger and they need to vote for the party that claims to protect them.

I was quite surprised. Yes, I know thousands of radical Hindus in India genuinely believe that their religion is under threat. But to see someone who I knew, who had his whole education in a Christian school and still remained a Hindu, actually succumb to the false narrative that Hinduism is under threat – that was surprising. In the last few years, I have sadly come across many other Hindu friends and acquaintances who have come to believe that.

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